• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    FLEXIBLE CABLE AND END FIT WITH INTEGRATED SENSOR There is a description of an apparatus and method of manufacturing a flexible pipe body. The method may include providing a fluid retention layer; packaging a plurality of tensile shielding elements around the fluid retention layer; and packaging an elongated crush-resistant body housing at least one fiber element around the fluid retention layer positioned radially between two of the pluralities of tensile shield elements. The matrix material provided in the elongated body can be subsequently cured to adjust the barrel body with an end fitting.
    公开号:BR112013010085B1
    申请号:R112013010085-0
    申请日:2011-09-28
    公开日:2021-01-12
    发明作者:Geoffrey Stephen Graham；Neville Dodds
    申请人:Ge Oil & Gas Uk Limited；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] This invention refers to an apparatus and method aimed at monitoring a predetermined parameter. Particularly, without exclusivity, the invention relates to the monitoring of parameters such as voltage, temperature and / or acoustics. The parameters can be monitored locally in flexible pipes relevant to the oil and gas industry, for example.
    [0002] Traditionally, the flexible pipe is used to transport production fluids, such as oil and / or gas and / or water, from one location to another. The flexible pipe is particularly useful in connecting an underwater location close to a certain sea level, and can find application in shallow water (less than 1000 feet (304.8 meters)), deep water (less than than 330 feet (1005.8 meters)) and ultra deep water (more than 3300 feet). The flexible pipe is generally formed in the form of a pipe body assembly containing one or more end fittings. The pipe body is typically formed as a composite of deposited materials and forms a conduit containing pressure. In general, the barrel body is constructed in the form of a composite structure including metallic and polymeric layers. The pipe structure is formed to allow for large deflections without resulting in bending fatigue acting on the functionality of the pipe with respect to its lifetime.
    [0003] However, it should be noted that adverse environmental conditions are present at such operational depths under the sea, including not only high pressures and strong movements of the tide, but also conditions arising from man, such as collisions with vehicles in transit and so on.
    [0004] Recently, attention has been turned to continuous monitoring of various parameters of flexible pipes, such as voltage, temperature and acoustics, to assist in the detection of structural faults present in the pipe. Such structural failure can lead to leakage, wire breakage, excessive curvature of the pipe (ie, curvature beyond the maximum tolerable limit before damage occurs), and the interaction between the pipe and the external environment, such as collisions with other objects, for example,
    [0005] As a method of monitoring the tension, temperature and acoustics in the flexible pipe, unworked fibers and / or fibers in metal tubes (FIMT) have been incorporated into a protective conduit along the length of the pipe structure, being connected to an external pipe interrogator. The fiber is used as an optical fiber for the transmission of light, and is generally designed as glass. The fibers may include Bragg grids where the diffraction differential of light passing below the fiber is used to measure the required parameter. External readings can be analyzed to determine pipe conditions over a period of time with corrective action being taken accordingly.
    [0006] Known methods can make use of pressure shielding and / or tensile shielding wires to conduct the conduit. A groove is formed next to a lateral edge in the wire pattern, where the conduit comes to be seated and connected in its position. When the pipe is subjected to forces, the conduit experiences the same conditions via this connection with the wiring. The fibers recorded with Bragg grids, connected with the inner part of the conduit, register the movement experienced by the conduit, thus obtaining the monitoring of the tension.
    [0007] The temperature can be monitored through the inclusion of a FIMT that is not connected to the internal part of the duct, thus presenting conditions to record the temperature regardless of the voltage. The fibers can be configured in a similar way for the acoustic monitoring conditions.
    [0008] The installation of the ducts with the wiring, and the eventual removal of them from the wiring next to a plug-in stage to make it possible to connect them to the interrogator device, comprise of challenges faced through known methods. In terms of preparation, the formation of the initial groove in the wiring that will conduct the conduit is governed by the hardness of the wiring; excessively hard or soft wiring can make it difficult to create the required groove geometry. In addition, the production time is extended since the duct must be adjusted and connected inside the wiring groove before applying the shielding layer. At the time of completion of the pipe, when the end fitting is installed, the conduits must be separated from the shield wires, facilitating their connection with an external device. As the ducts are connected with the wiring, their removal from the groove is made more difficult and may induce unnecessary fatigue in the material.
    [0009] It comprises an objective of the present invention, to lessen, at least partially, the problems mentioned above.
    [0010] It comprises an objective of the modalities of the present invention to design a fiber and / or conduit containing a fiber to be incorporated into a relatively simple pipe structure during manufacture compared to known configurations.
    [0011] It is an objective of the modalities of the present invention to design a fiber and / or conduit containing a fiber to be incorporated in a pipe structure, so that it is relatively easy to dismantle the pipe structure when incorporating the layers of pipes with an end fitting installation.
    [0012] It is an objective of the modalities of the present invention to provide a flexible pipe containing fiber optic technology at a relatively low cost.
    [0013] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method of fabricating a flexible pipe body is provided, comprising: provision of a fluid retention layer; packaging a plurality of tensile shielding elements around the fluid retention layer; and packaging of an elongated crush-resistant body, housing at least one fiber element around the fluid retention layer, being radially between two of the pluralities of tensile shielding elements.
    [0014] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is a provision of a flexible pipe body aimed at transporting fluids from an underwater location, comprising: fluid retention layer; plurality of tensile shielding elements provided around the fluid retention layer; and elongated crush-resistant body housing at least one fiber element provided around the fluid retention layer, being radially between two of the pluralities of tensile shielding elements.
    [0015] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a method of manufacturing a flexible pipe is provided, comprising: providing a flexible pipe body incorporating an elongated crush-resistant body housing at least one fiber element for sensing one or more parameters associated with the flexible pipe; at least partial filling of the elongated body with a matrix material capable of healing and circulation; connecting the flexible pipe body with at least one end fitting so that the elongated body protrudes from the end fitting for connection with a sensing device; and curing the matrix material.
    [0016] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a flexible pipe is provided for the transport of fluids from the underwater location, comprising: flexible pipe body comprising an elongated crush-resistant body, with the elongated body housing at least one fiber element for sensing one or more parameters associated with the flexible pipe; at least one end fitting connected to one end of the flexible pipe body; the elongated body being at least partially filled with a matrix material; and the elongated body protruding from the end fitting for connection with the sensing device.
    [0017] Certain modalities of the invention provide the advantage of a fiber element for the measurement of parameters, such as tension, temperature and the like, and can be incorporated into a flexible pipe body, inexpensively and conveniently, without requiring the formation of steps for preparing a groove for the fiber housing. The arrangement can take advantage of the gaps occurring between packaged tensile shielding elements to locate an elongated crush-resistant body, or to create an interval by replacing a tensile shield element by an elongated body.
    [0018] Certain modalities of the invention provide with the advantage of a parameter, such as the voltage, temperature and similar elements can be monitored in a flexible pipe continuously or repeatedly, at the desired times or when triggered depending on the occurrence of an event predetermined.
    [0019] Certain embodiments of the invention have the advantage that a fiber element (including unworked fiber or FIMT) can be locally connected by curing by holding the fiber element in place, which can also assist in its installation and removal .
    [0020] Certain embodiments of the invention provide the advantage that a relatively delicate fiber element can be installed inside a flexible pipe with the surrounding matrix material having circulation capacity, providing protection to the fiber element, and subsequently allowing the matrix material to be cured and configured to hold the fiber element in place.
    [0021] The modalities of the invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings where: Figure 1 illustrates a flexible pipe body; Figure 2 illustrates an elevator assembly; Figures 3a, 3b and 3c illustrate several fiber elements; Figures 4a and 4b illustrate conduits containing fiber positioned in a layer of tensile shielding; and Figure 5 illustrates a barrel body terminated in an end fitting In the drawings, the same reference numerals refer to identical parts.
    [0022] Throughout this specification, reference will be made to a flexible pipe. It should be understood that a flexible pipe consists of an assembly of a portion of a pipe body and one or more end fittings, where each respective end of the pipe body is terminated. Figure 1 illustrates how the pipe body 100 can be formed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention from a composition of deposited materials constituting a pressure-containing conduit. Although a number of particular layers will be illustrated in Figure 1, it should be understood that the present invention finds wide application with composite pipe body structures including two or more layers made from a variety of materials possible. It should also be noted that the thickness of the layer is presented for illustrative purposes only.
    [0023] According to the illustration in Figure 1, an example of a pipe body includes an inner layer of housing 101. The housing provides with a locking construction that can be used as the inner layer for prevention, total or partial, of collapse of an internal pressure case 102 due to decompression in the pipe, external pressure, and pressure in the tensile armor and crushing mechanical loads. It should be noted that certain modalities of the present invention find applications next to "machined holes", as well as "unworked holes".
    [0024] The internal pressure case 102 acts as a fluid retention layer and comprises a polymeric layer ensuring the integrity of the internal fluid. It should be understood that this layer may itself consist of a number of sub-layers. It should be noted that when the casing layer is used, the internal pressure case is often referred to by specialists in the field as a barrier layer, operating without such a case (the so-called machined hole operation), with the pressure case can be referred to as a lining.
    [0025] A pressure shielding layer 103 comprises of a structural layer containing a bed angle close to 90 °, which increases the resistance of the flexible pipe together with the internal and external pressure and the crushing mechanical loads. The layer also structurally supports the internal pressure case.
    [0026] The flexible pipe body further includes a first layer of tensile shield 105 and a second layer of tensile shield 106. Each layer of tensile shield consists of a structural layer containing a bed angle, typically between 20 ° and 55 °. Each layer is used to support stress loads and internal pressure. Typically, the tensile shield layers are packed in pairs in the opposite direction.
    [0027] The flexible pipe body shown also includes layers 104 of tape which assist in containing underlying layers and prevent to some extent the presence of abrasion between adjacent layers.
    [0028] The flexible pipe body further typically includes insulation layers 107 and an outer case 108 comprising of a polymeric layer used to protect the pipe against the penetration of sea water and other external environmental elements, corrosion, abrasion and mechanical damage.
    [0029] Each flexible pipe comprises at least a portion, sometimes referred to as a segment or section of the pipe body 100 together with an end fitting located next to at least one end of the flexible pipe. An end fitting provides with a mechanical device forming the transition between the flexible pipe body and a connector. The different layers of pipes as shown, for example, in Figure 1 are terminated in the end fitting in such a way as to transfer the load present between the flexible pipe and the connector.
    [0030] Figure 2 illustrates an elevator assembly 200 suitable for transporting protective fluid, such as oil and / or gas and / or water, from an underwater location 201 to a floating installation 202. For example, in Figure 2 , underwater location 201 includes an underwater flow line. The flexible flow line 205 comprises a flexible pipe, completely or partially, accommodated in the sea bed 204 or buried below the sea bed and used in a static application. The floating installation can be made available through a platform and / or buoy or, as illustrated in Figure 2, by a ship. The elevator 200 can be provided in the form of a flexible elevator, which means to affirm the presence of a connection between the flexible pipe and the vessel next to the seabed installation.
    [0031] It should be noted that different types of elevator occur, according to the knowledge of specialists in the field. The modalities of the present invention can be used with any type of elevator, such as a freely suspended (free, cateniform elevator), an elevator with some type of restriction (buoys, chains), a totally restricted elevator or enclosed in a tube (Tubes I or J). Figure 2 further illustrates how portions of the flexible pipe body can be used as a drain line 205 or bridge 206.
    [0032] As mentioned above, a portion of the barrel body is terminated in an end fitting. Fittings at the end of a flexible pipe can be used to connect segments in a flexible pipe assembly or to connect them to terminal equipment, such as rigid underwater structures or floating installations. The conclusion may include the fixation of each layer of the flexible pipe body next to the end fitting, according to the generic description given in WO2007 / 144552, for example.
    [0033] Figures 3a, 3b and 3c show several examples of a crush resistant duct 302 (elongated body) of the present invention. The conduit can be formed from the metal. The conduit houses a fiber element, which can be made of glass, for use with optical fiber sensing methods, which can be provided in different formats. The conduit consists of a hollow protective tube and can be substantially circular, rectangular, square or have an oval cross section, for example.
    [0034] In Figure 3a, conduit 302 contains an unworked fiber 304. As shown in Figure 3b, the conduit contains a fiber in the metal tube (FIMT) including an optical fiber 304 and a metal tube 306. In addition, conduit 302 is filled substantially with a matrix material, such as a thermally cured epoxy resin, in order to better retain the FIMT in position within the conduit. As shown in Figure 3c, in addition to the FIMT, conduit 302 still contains additional 3-1 unworked fibers that run along the length of the conduit and are connected directly inside the matrix material. Such unworked fibers embedded in the resin can be used as part of the fiber optic sensing apparatus intended to measure tension. This is due to the fact that when the fiber is locked inside the conduit and the conduit is under tension, the loads are directly transferred to the fiber. The fiber can be recorded through Fiber Bragg Grids (FBGs) or it can represent a Distributed Temperature Sensing System (DTS), according to technical knowledge. On the other hand, a fiber that is not directly embedded in the resin, such as the presentation given by Figure 3a, or the FIMT 304, 306 shown in Figure 3b, does not experience the tension present in its surroundings. Therefore, a true temperature reading can be performed. Again, FBGs or DTS can be used.
    [0035] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the fiber elements, in any of the aforementioned provisions, can be incorporated into a flexible pipe for monitoring tension, temperature, acoustics and the like. By monitoring these parameters, the results can be used to verify the accumulation of heat in the metallic layers, changes in temperature (which may occur due to the flooded annular crown), stresses due to the curvature of the shield, general tension inside the pipe, etc. It is possible to determine the fatigue duration profile and the polymeric temperature profile of an elevator during the service period. In addition, the results can determine whether a pipe has become excessively curved or overheated during its service life.
    [0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, a conduit is packaged around a previously formed layer (such as the fluid retention layer, pressure shielding layer or other type of tensile shielding layer), along with other wiring. a layer of tensile armor. The conduit is located radially between two wiring of tensile shielding. Because the conduit 302 is crush-resistant, the conduit can effectively act as another tensile shielding wiring while still housing the fiber needed to monitor the pipe parameters. To ensure the resistance to crushing of the conduit 302, it is possible to calculate the stiffness coefficient in at least one dimension of the conduit and / or the matrix material. This is determined based on its dimensions, the shape of the conduit cross section, and the materials by which it is formed, and with the calculation being able to be carried out by a specialist in the area, according to the specific requirements of the application in question. particular. The conduit can be prefabricated, therefore, so that its mechanical properties, when or when cured, appear similar to a tensile shield wiring.
    [0037] In Figure 4a, a layer of tensile armor is shown. A conduit containing 302 fiber is packaged together with the tensile shield wiring, in the same manner as done for the tensile shield wiring, effectively as a replacement for one of the tensile shield wiring. Therefore, the conduit is located radially between the two tensile shield wiring. The remaining layers of the flexible pipe body are not shown.
    [0038] Alternatively, as shown in Figure 4b, a conduit containing fiber 302 can be positioned in one of the intervals that are present between the tensile shield wires when there is a fraction below 100% explosive charge (that is, when the wires are of tensile armor are not packaged so that they can be touched). In this way, instead of replacing a tensile wiring, the conduit is added next to all the tensile wiring. Ideally, the conduit can be resistant to crushing, at least as strong as a tensile shield wiring, and should also be resistant to deformation or crushing by the surrounding shield wiring.
    [0039] Since the conduit essentially comprises an additional component of the tensile shield layer, instead of an integral part of a tensile wiring, it can be applied simultaneously as the shield wiring. Wiring preparation prior to fabrication of the pipe body is not necessary. The method of depositing the duct with the shield wires depends somewhat on the geometry of the duct. For example, if the conduit does not have a round cross section, it can be accommodated during the application of the tensile shield wiring using an additional planetary float fixation next to a standard flat spinning machine. If the cross section of the duct is square, it can be accommodated using the same deposition technique as given for the tensile wiring, as this does not induce a twist in the duct.
    [0040] By forming a pipe body, the layers are, in general, terminated sequentially in an end fitting. The conduit containing fiber 302, therefore, comes to deal with similar shielding wirings in the surroundings, although it must come out from the end fitting in order to make the connection with an interrogator device (sensor monitoring unit) viable. .
    [0041] Figure 5 shows a barrel body 100 terminated in an end fitting 500. The tensile shield wires 105 are peeled off gently from their natural paths and terminated in a cavity 502 formed between an inner surface of a housing 504 of the fitting in end and the end-fitting body 506 and a calibrator component 508. The conduit 302 is inserted through a hole in the end-fitting body 506, so that it can be connected to the interrogator device (not shown), The orifice it may consist of a standard mouthpiece fitted with eartips to lock the duct next to the end fitting (preventing slipping) and preventing the entry of marine water close to the internal elements. The interrogating device can be located close to the sea surface to give access to the device. The cavity 502 can be filled with epoxy resin to retain the shield wiring.
    [0042] During the installation of the conduit through the end fitting, it becomes interesting that the conduit is handled as a separate element from the shield wiring. The manipulation can take place more easily than in relation to the known methods where the sensing elements are connected in the shielding wirings.
    [0043] An even easier installation is achieved when the epoxy resin filling a duct is not cured, while the duct is being manipulated and fed through the end fitting. Therefore, it becomes useful to cure and adjust the epoxy resin after installation along the end fitting. Alternatively, a conduit can be cured only in the designated areas where the heat has been applied. With this method, the fabrication can be completed normally, with the pipe being able to be shipped at the location designated with the epoxy in an uncured state, being then cured on the sea coast.
    [0044] The optical fiber can be coiled or sliced to provide a return to the same conduit. A laser can send light pulses to the optical fiber, while a detector can measure the reflections from each light pulse. The interrogator can then analyze these results to determine the voltage or temperature, for example.
    [0045] The completed pipe set can then be used for fluid transportation, under periodic or continuous monitoring for voltage, temperature, etc. The readings can be connected to an alarm system to notify users in the event of a contrary reading outside the predetermined acceptable limits.
    [0046] Throughout this application, the words "comprises" and "contains" and variations thereof mean "including, without being limited to", without attempting to exclude (and do not exclude) other parts, additions, components, numbers or steps. Throughout this application, the singular includes the plural unless the context requires otherwise. In particular, where the indefinite article is used, the specification should be understood as considering the plurality, as well as the singularity, unless the context requires otherwise.
    [0047] Attributes, numbers, characteristics, compounds, parts or chemical groups described in conjunction with a particular aspect, modality or example of the invention are to be understood as being applicable to any other aspect, modality or example described in this document, unless incompatible with the same. All the factors described in this application, and / or all the steps of any method or process described in this way, can be combined in any type of combination, except for combinations where at least some of the factors and / or steps will be mutually exclusive. The invention is not restricted to the details of any of the foregoing modalities. The invention extends with any innovation or any innovative combination of the factors described in the present application, or with any novelty, or any innovative combination, of the steps relevant to any method or process so described.
    [0048] The reader's attention is directed to all works and documents that have been deposited concurrently with or prior to this specific report in connection with this request and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and with the content of all types of such works and documents being incorporated in this report as a form of reference.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [0001]
    Method of fabricating a flexible pipe body comprising: provision of a fluid retention layer (102); packaging a plurality of tensile shield elements (105) around the fluid retention layer to form a tensile shield layer; and the CHARACTERIZED method due to the fact that it also includes: packaging of an elongated crush-resistant body (302) housing at least one fiber (304) in a FIMT metal tube (306) around the fluid retention layer and alongside two of the plurality of tensile shielding elements in the layer tensile shielding to be positioned radially between the two tensile shielding elements, and in which the elongated crush-resistant body is filled with a matrix material.
    [0002]
    Method according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by further comprising the wrapping of a pressure shielding layer (103) around the fluid retention layer prior to the step of packaging the tensile shielding elements and elongated body.
    [0003]
    Method, according to claim 1 or 2, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the tensile shielding elements consist of wiring seals.
    [0004]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least one fiber in the metal tube is configured to be connectable with a sensing device for monitoring one or more parameters associated with the flexible pipe and optionally, at least one fiber in the metal tube is configured to monitor at least one between temperature and voltage.
    [0005]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, CHARACTERIZED in that a fiber of at least one fiber in the metal tube is etched with Bragg grids, and / or is at least partially connected with the elongated conduit in one location predetermined.
    [0006]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, CHARACTERIZED in that the plurality of tensile shielding elements and the elongated body are packaged, simultaneously, around the fluid retention layer.
    [0007]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, CHARACTERIZED in that the elongated element is formed within the same dimensions as a tensile shield element, and optionally further comprises the packaging of an additional layer of tensile shield elements along the plurality of tensile shielding elements.
    [0008]
    Flexible pipe body designed to transport fluids from an underwater location comprising: fluid retention layer (102); plurality of tensile shielding elements (105) provided around the fluid retention layer to form a tensile shielding layer; and the flexible pipe body FEATURED by the fact that an elongated crush-resistant body (302) housing at least one fiber (304) in a FIMT metal tube (306) provided around the fluid retention layer and next to two the plurality of tensile shielding elements in the tensile shielding layer to be positioned radially between two of the plurality of tensile shielding elements, and in which the elongated crush-resistant body is filled with a matrix material.
    [0009]
    Flexible pipe body according to claim 8, further characterized by a pressure shield layer (103) between the fluid retention layer and the tensile shield elements.
    [0010]
    Flexible pipe body according to claim 8 or 9, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the tensile shield elements are wiring seals.
    [0011]
    Flexible pipe body according to any one of claims 8 to 10, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least one fiber in the metal tube is configured to be connectable with a sensing device for the monitoring of one or more parameters associated with the flexible pipe, and in which, at least one fiber in the metal tube is configured to monitor at least one between temperature and voltage.
    [0012]
    Flexible pipe body according to any one of claims 8 to 11, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that a fiber of at least one fiber in the metal tube is etched with Bragg grids, and / or is at least partially connected with the conduit stretched at a predetermined location.
    [0013]
    Flexible pipe body according to any one of claims 8 to 12, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the elongated element has the same dimensions as the tensile shielding element and optionally further comprising an additional layer of tensile shielding elements along the plurality of tensile armor elements.
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    法律状态:
    2018-06-12| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: GE OIL AND GAS UK LIMITED (GB) |
    2018-12-26| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-06-04| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|
    2020-06-16| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-11-10| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-01-12| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 28/09/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GBGB1018538.7A|GB201018538D0|2010-11-03|2010-11-03|Parameter sensing|
    GB1018538.7|2010-11-03|
    PCT/GB2011/051834|WO2012059729A1|2010-11-03|2011-09-28|Flexible pipe and end fitting with integrated sensor|
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